Chifukwa Chake Ma Vavu Amafakitale Amalephera ndi Momwe Mungakonzere

Onani Chithunzi Chachikulu
Mavavu a mafakitale sakhalitsa mpaka kalekale.Iwo samabweranso otchipa.Nthawi zambiri, kukonza kumayamba mkati mwa zaka 3-5 zogwiritsidwa ntchito.Komabe, kumvetsetsa ndi kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa ma valve kungathe kutalikitsa ntchito ya moyo wa valve.

Nkhaniyi ikupereka zambiri za momwe mungakonzere ma valve olakwika, zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe ma valve amafunikira kukonza komanso zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti ma valve ali kale olakwika.

Zomwe Zimapangitsa Mavavu Kukhala Otalika

Kutalika kwa moyo wa valve kumadalira zinthu zitatu: ubwino wa chisindikizo, chilengedwe chamkati ndi chakunja komanso nthawi zambiri ntchito.

Ngati chisindikizo chikugwira ntchito bwino, valve imagwiranso ntchito bwino.Kusankha chisindikizo choyenera kumatsimikizira ntchito yabwino ndi kukonza.

Kumbali ina, zinthu monga kupanikizika, kutentha, komanso mtundu wa media ndizoyenera kuziganizira.Pomaliza, ngati valavu ikugwira ntchito nthawi zonse, nthawi yokonza ili pafupi ndi miyezi 3 kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili bwino.

Momwe Mungadziwire Kuti Yakwana Nthawi Yokonza Mavavu

#1 Pamene pali kutayikira mkati

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe zikutuluka mkati ndikuti valavu singakhale ndi shutoff kwathunthu.Malinga ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, mtundu uliwonse wa valavu uli ndi kutayikira kovomerezeka kwambiri (MAL).Chizindikiro chodziwikiratu kuti valavu ikufunika kukonzedwa ndi pamene kutayikirako kukupitirira malire ofunikira a MAL

#2 Pakakhala kutuluka kunja

Pali zolakwa zochepa chifukwa chake kutuluka kunja kulipo.Nthawi zambiri, pakhala kusamalidwa kosayenera.N'zothekanso kuti zinthu za valve ndi zofalitsa sizigwirizana.Kutentha kwambiri kungayambitsenso kutuluka kwakunja.

#3 Pamene valavu imakhala phokoso

Nyundo yamadzi ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale kufotokoza phokoso lopangidwa ndi ma valve.Ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti valve ikufunika kukonza.Disiki yomwe ikugunda mpando wa valve imayambitsa phokosoli.

#4 Pamene valavu sikugwiranso ntchito

Mwachiwonekere, pamene valavu sikugwiranso ntchito, ndi nthawi yokwanira yopulumutsa kapena kukonza.Ngakhale ma valve ambiri amatha kukonzedwa, pali ena omwe kukonzanso kuli pafupi zosatheka.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kulephera kwa Vavu ya Industrial

#1 Kukula kwa Vavu Molakwika

Kuwerengera kolakwika kwa ma valve kungayambitse ma valve ocheperako kapena okulirapo.Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa kutuluka kwa media kumadalira kukula kwa valve.Wokulirapo amatha kuchepetsa kupanikizika pomwe valavu yocheperako imatha kuyambitsa kutsekeka.

Yankho
Pezani chowerengera cha ma valve pa intaneti.Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzimadzi komanso mpweya.Ngati kuwerengera pamanja kuli kotopetsa, pa intaneti kumangochita chinyengo.

Izi zingapangitse kufunafuna mtundu woyenera wa valve kukhala kosavuta.Monga pofotokozera, yang'ananinso mtengo wa Kv womwe umapezeka muzofotokozera zamalonda.Komanso, ganizirani kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kofunikira komanso kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwapakati.

#2 Kusagwirizana Kwazinthu

Mtundu wa media, zida zapampando ndi zida za ma valve ziyenera kufanana.Kusagwirizana kumatanthauza kuti valavu imakonda kuvala ndi kung'ambika.

Yankho
Yang'anani kufotokozera kwazinthu zamtundu wazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pampando wa valve ndi thupi.Izi zikuyenera kutsata zomwe makampani akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito.Komanso, yang'anani kuwonongeka kwa ma valve ngati mukuganiza kuti panalibe ntchito yolakwika.Kusintha valavu ndi mtengo.Bwezerani mbali zomwe zikukhudzana ndi zofalitsa ndi zina zomwe zingathe kupirira.

#3 Kuwonongeka kwa Elastomer

Ma Elastomers nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mipando ya valve, ma gaskets kapena O-ringing omwe amakhala ngati chisindikizo.Chifukwa ndi zotanuka, ndi chisankho chachilengedwe pakusindikiza ntchito.Izi zimalepheretsanso kukhudzana kwa thupi la valve yachitsulo ndi media.Zitsanzo za ma elastomer omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ndi nitrile, Aflas, ndi Teflon.

Kuwonongeka kwa Elastomer kumayambitsidwa ndi kayendedwe kachilengedwe kamadzimadzi.Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake chingakhale kusagwirizana kwa elastomer ndi media.

Yankho
Ganizirani kuyanjana kwa elastomer ndi media.Yang'anani kufotokozera kwazinthu zamitundu ya media yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndi elastomers.Pogula, yang'anani kufotokozera kwa valve.Ngati elastomer siligwirizana, pezani zigawo zina zosindikizira zomwe zili zoyenera kwa elastomer.

Chisindikizo cha elastomer chikakhala ndi madontho, ming'alu ndi zokonda zawonekera kale, sinthani gawoli.Komanso, yang'anani ngati pali mavalidwe omwe amatsatira ma TV, zikutanthauza kuti chotsiriziracho ndi chopweteka kwambiri.

#4 Valve Stem Wear

Zigawo zing'onozing'ono monga zonyamula tsinde la valavu kapena ma bolts a gland zimayambitsa kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika kwa tsinde.Komanso, kusuntha kosalekeza kwa diski ya valve, komanso kukhudzana ndi zowonongeka, kumathandizanso kuti tsinde liwonongeke.

Kwa kulongedza tsinde, kusowa kwa elasticity komwe kumachepetsa mpata wosindikiza kumayambitsa kuvala.Izi ndizowona makamaka pankhani ya kuphatikiza kwa inlastic packing zakuthupi ndi ma bolts a gland.

Yankho
Kwa ma valve ang'onoang'ono, njira yokhayo yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kuwasintha pambuyo pake, amapezeka mosavuta.Komabe, kwa mavavu akuluakulu, kusinthanitsa sikuwononga ndalama zambiri.Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndikukweza valavu yamakono.

Musanayang'ane tsinde, yang'anani tizigawo ting'onoting'ono choyamba monga timitsempha, mabawuti ndi mabokosi oyikamo.Chotsatira ndikuwunika tsinde ngati likufunika kukonzanso kapena kusinthidwa.

# 5 Cavitation

Cavitation nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu ma valve olamulira ndi media media.Zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimathandiza kuti cavitation ndi kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi komanso kuthamanga kwapansi.Cavitation imachitika pamene pali kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi.

Mivuvu imapanga pamene kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi kumakhala kotsika kuposa kuthamanga kwa nthunzi mu valavu.Ma thovu awa mwanjira inayake amaletsa kuyenda kwa media.Pamene kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi kumabwereranso ku mlingo wochepa, thovulo limagwa, kuwononga valavu.Mukhoza onani ndondomeko mu kanema kwa cavitation.

Yankho
Onetsetsani kuti pulogalamuyo ikugwiritsa ntchito valve yoyenera.Ngati ndi kalembedwe kolakwika kapena kukula, pali mwayi waukulu wa cavitation.Gwiritsani ntchito ma anti-cavitation valve pamadzi ndi madzimadzi.Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito ma valve olamulira, ikani m'madera omwe valavu ili ndi malo otsika poyerekezera ndi mapaipi.

#6 Nyundo Yamadzi

Nyundo yamadzi ndi chikhalidwe chomwe pali ma spikes othamanga mu valve.Ndi imodzi mwa mphamvu zowononga kwambiri zomwe zingawononge thupi la valve.Zinthu zitatu zimapanga nyundo yamadzi: momwe valavu imatsekera mofulumira, momwe madzi amadzimadzi amathamanga nthawi yomwe valve imatseka komanso momwe mafunde akuthamanga pa chitoliro.Mutha kuwonanso kanemayu kuti mumve zambiri za nyundo yamadzi.

Zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zitheke ndi makulidwe a valavu yamkati, mphamvu ya chitoliro ndi kupanikizika kwa ma TV.

Yankho
Gwiritsani ntchito valve yotsekemera kuti muchepetse nyundo yamadzi.Komanso, gwiritsani ntchito valavu yotsegula/yozimitsa mofulumira monga valavu ya butterfly.Kuchita pang'onopang'ono kulinso koyenera chifukwa izi zimachepetsa kuthamanga kwa nyundo ya madzi.M'malo motsegula ndi kutseka valavu pamanja, gwiritsani ntchito hydraulic actuator kuti mulole kutsegula ndi kutseka mofulumira.

#7 Kupanikizika ndi Kutentha Kupitilira Magawo Ofunikira

Mavavu ali ndi kuthamanga kwapadera ndi zofunikira za kutentha.Kupitilira zomwe valavu imatha kupirira imatha kuiwononga.

Yankho
Musanakhazikitse, yang'anani zofunikira zamalonda kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe kupanikizika ndi kutentha kwa kutentha komwe kumachitika.Kukonza ndi kukonza nthawi zonse n’kofunika.Bwezerani mbali zowonongeka chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuwonongeka kwa kuthamanga.

#8 Woyambitsa Wolakwika

Ma actuators amabwera m'njira zitatu: pamanja, pamagetsi kapena pawokha.Ma actuators amawongolera kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa media komanso kuyenda kwa media, kupanikizika, ndi kutentha.Izi zikunenedwa, kusankha actuator yolakwika kumafupikitsa moyo wa valavu chifukwa valavu imatha mosavuta.

Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kwamagetsi kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwambiri.Sikuti kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse moto, koma kungathenso kuwononga makina opangira magetsi.

Yankho
Kulowetsa kwamphamvu kuchokera ku actuator kumatha kuwononga tsinde la valve ndi disc pomwe valavu imatseka kapena kutseguka.Ngati zofalitsa zikuyenda pang'onopang'ono, sankhani ma actuators omwe akugwirizana ndi izi.Kuti mupewe kutaya mphamvu, sankhani choyatsira chomwe chimatsegula kapena kutseka mosavuta.

Kuti mudziwe ngati valavu yawonongeka kapena ndi actuator yomwe ikuchita modabwitsa, tsegulani bukulo.Vavu ikuwoneka bwino, actuator yawonongeka.

Ngati valavu sikuyenda, vuto ndi actuator.Kuonjezera apo, yang'anani tsinde la valve kuti muwone kuwonongeka kulikonse.Tsinde la valavu lotha limakhudza momwe actuator imayendera.

Kuyika zigawo zake zomveka kuyenera kukhala kutali ndi chowongolera pakakhala kuthamanga kwambiri kapena kuthekera kwa kugwedezeka kwakukulu.Uku ndikuteteza ziwalo zokhudzidwa kuti zisawonongeke.

NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) yakhazikitsa ma valavu amagetsi kuti atetezeke.

#9 Kuyika Molakwika

Ma valve ena ndi osavuta kukhazikitsa kuposa ena.N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti nthawi zambiri zolephera za valve zimachokera ku kukhazikitsa kolakwika kwa valve.Tengani mwachitsanzo kuyika mavavu a swing cheque.Anthu ena akhala akuziyika molakwika.Pali zizindikiro kutsatira kuti unsembe mosavuta.

Yankho
Ma valve ambiri amaikidwa pamalo oongoka pokhapokha atanenedwa.Onetsetsani kuti munthu amene akuyika valavuyo ali ndi luso lokwanira ndi maphunziro kuti agwire bwino ntchitoyo.

#10 Kusiyanitsa kosayenera ndi kuyika kwamakanika

Kuthamanga kwa ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zenizeni zomwe zimapezeka pogwira ntchito.Kumbali inayi, kupanikizika kokhazikika ndiko kukakamiza kokhazikika komwe woyendetsa chitoliro amakhazikitsa dongosolo la mapaipi.Vuto nthawi zambiri limabwera kukakamiza kwa ntchito kuli pafupi ndi kukakamizidwa kokhazikitsidwa.

Yankho
Onani kukhulupirika kwa vavu.Makamaka yang'anani pa disc valve, mpando ndi tsinde.Komanso, fufuzani kutayikira.Bwezerani mbali zowonongeka ngati kuli kofunikira.

Zinthu monga zida za valavu, zoulutsira mawu, kulimba kwa mipando, pakati pa ena, ikani kusiyana kwa 10% pakati pa zovuta zogwirira ntchito ndi zoyika.Komabe, kusiyana koyenera ndi 20%.

#11 Reverse Flow

Kubwerera m'mbuyo kumatanthawuza nthawi yomwe kayendedwe kazofalitsa zimasintha mwadzidzidzi.Izi, pamodzi ndi nyundo yamadzi, ndizo ziwiri zomwe zimafala komanso zowononga kwambiri zowonongeka kwa valve.

Yankho
Kupewa ndiye chinsinsi.Kuyika valavu yoyang'ana mwakachetechete kapena valavu iliyonse yomwe imatseka mofulumira ingathandize kwambiri ntchito ya valve.

#12 Zinyalala

Tinthu zokhuthala monga ngati slurries zimayambitsa mikwingwirima pampando.Izi zitha kumamatira mu ma valve, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavu ikhale yotseguka kapena yotsekedwa.Kuonjezera apo, zinyalala, zikauma mu valve, zimatha kuchititsa kuti zigawo za valve ziwonongeke.

Yankho
Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndi kuyeretsa ma valve ndikofunikira.Izi zimachotsa zinyalala ndikuletsa zinyalala kuuma ndi kuwononganso ma valve

#13 Kusamalira ndi Kukonza Molakwika

Kukonza ndi kukonza zolakwika sikungowononga, komanso kumawononga ndalama zambiri komanso kuwononga nthawi.

Yankho
Onetsetsani kuti mawonekedwe a valve ndi olondola.Gwiritsani ntchito maupangiri omwe ali mu thupi la valve omwe angathandize pakuyika bwino kwa valve.Onetsetsani kuti mayendedwe akutsatiridwa ngati ma valve akuzungulira.

Njira Zabwino Kwambiri Zopewera Kulephera kwa Vavu

Monga nthawi zambiri, kupewa ndikwabwino kuposa kuchiza.Kukonza nthawi zonse kumagwira ntchito ndi akatswiri aluso kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri, zovuta za valve zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika zaumunthu.Kuti athetse vutoli, gwiritsani ntchito anthu aluso komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino kuti akhazikitse ndi kukonza ma valve ndi mapaipi.

Kuyeretsa mavavu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti alibe zinyalala.Ngati ndi kotheka, ikani zosefera kuti mulekanitse zinyalala kuchokera ku media media.Sambani mapaipi kuti muchepetse kuchulukana.

Kuwonjezera pa izi, mafuta valve.Vavuyi imapangidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosunthika.Kupaka mafuta kumatanthauza kukangana kochepa, komwe kumachepetsa kung'ambika ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.

Yang'anani ma valve ndi ziwalo zake nthawi ndi nthawi.Bwezerani zigawo zomwe zawonetsa kuwonongeka.Izi zidzakulitsa moyo wautumiki wa valve.Komanso, onetsetsani kuti ma valve aikidwa bwino.

Powombetsa mkota

Kusintha ma valve ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.Ichi ndichifukwa chake kupeza ma valve olimba okhala ndi ziphaso zoyenera zotetezedwa ndikofunikira.Nthawi zonse yang'anani ma valve pachizindikiro choyamba cha kuwonongeka kwa ma valve, konzani zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa ndikubwezeretsanso mbali zowonongeka.